The Integumentary System is the skin and it derivatives (sweat and oil glands, hair, and nails) serves and number of functions, mostly protective. "Integument" means covering, the body is essential because it keeps water and other precious molecule in the body. Without the skin we would quickly fall prey to bacteria and perish from water and heat loss.
Functions of the integumentary system
- Protective, it insulates and cushions the deeper body organs and protect the entire body from mechanical damage, chemical damage, thermal damage, ultraviolet radiation and bacteria.
Cutaneous Membrane
The cutaneous membrane is your skin, it's superficial epidermis is composed of a keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium. The underlying dermis is mostly dense(fibrous) connective tissue.The cutaneous membrane is exposed to air and dry membrane unlike the other epithelial membranes.
mucous membrane
The mucous membrane is composed of epithelium resting on a loose connective tissue membrane called lamina propria.The mucous membrane contains either stratified squamous epithelial or simple columnar epithelial. Th epithelium of mucosae is often adapted for absorption or secretion.
serous membrane
The serous membrane is composed of a layer of simple squamous epithelium resting on a thin layer of areolar connective tissue. Serous membrane occur in pairs, the parietal layer which lines a specific portion of the wall of the ventral body cavity and visceral layer which covers the outside of the organs in the cavity.
about the epidermis
The epidermis is a stratified squamous epithelium, composed of mulitiplying basal and differentiated suprabasal keratinocytes which acts as the body's major barrier against an inhospitable enviroment, by preventing pathogensfrom entering, making the skin a natural barrier to infection. It also regulates the amount of water released from the body into the atmosphere through transepidermal water loss
About the dermis
The dermis is a layer of skin between the epidermis and subcutaneous tissues , that consists of connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain. It is divided into two layers, the superficial area adjacent to the epidermis called the papillary region and a deep thicker area known as the recticular dermis. The dermis is tightly connected to the epidermis through a basement membrane. Structural components of the dermis are collagen, elastic fibers, and matrix. It also contains Mechanoreceptors that provide the sense of touch and heat, hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, apocrine glands, lymphatic vessels and blood vessels. Those blood vessels provide nourishment and waste removal for both dermal and epidermal cells.
about the hypodermis
The hypodermis is the innermost and thickest layer of the skin, the hypodermis acts as an energy reserve and it participates, passively at least, in thermoregulation since fat is a heat insulator.
1. Stratum Basale (next to dermis)
2. Stratum Spinoum
3. Stratum Granulosum
4. Stratum Lucidum (thick skin)
5. Stratum Cornem (shingle like dead cells, top)
2. Stratum Spinoum
3. Stratum Granulosum
4. Stratum Lucidum (thick skin)
5. Stratum Cornem (shingle like dead cells, top)
- Sudoriferous (sweat) glands: are found all over the body, 2.5 Million the eccrine is located is over the body and the apocrine is located in genital area of body.The eccrine glands are numerous and found all over the body, the apocrine sweat glands are largely confined to the axillary and genital areas of the body.
- Sebaceous (oil) Glands: secrete oily substances called sebum, which is a mixture of oily substances and fragmented cells. It is deposited on hairs and ride up the hair shaft. It's purpose is to keeps skin soft and moist and it's located everywhere except palms and soles of feet.
- Sebaceous (oil) Glands: secrete oily substances called sebum, which is a mixture of oily substances and fragmented cells. It is deposited on hairs and ride up the hair shaft. It's purpose is to keeps skin soft and moist and it's located everywhere except palms and soles of feet.