about a &P
Anatomy (tomy) to cut (ana) aparts- is the study of the structure and shape of the body and body parts and their relationships to one another.
Physiology (physio) nature (ology) the study of- is the study of how the body and it's parts work or function.
Physiology (physio) nature (ology) the study of- is the study of how the body and it's parts work or function.
about thE levels of structual organs
Atoms
Cells
Tissues
Organ
Organ System
Organism
Cells
Tissues
Organ
Organ System
Organism
about the organ systems
There are 11 organ systems that make up the living body, or the organism which represents the highest level of structural organizations.Below are all 11 organ systems and a little information about each.
- Integumentary System: Forms the external body covering, protects deeper tissues from injuries.
- Skeletal System: Protects and supports body organs, provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement.
- Muscular System: Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion and facial expression.
- Nervous System: Fast-acting control systems of the body.
- Endocrine Systems: glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction and nutrient use by body cells.
- Cardiovascular System: Blood vessels transport blood which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes.
- Lymphatic System: Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood.
- Respiratory System: Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide.
- Digestive System- Breaks food down that enters the blood for distribution on the body.
- Urinary System- Eliminates wastes from the body, regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood.
- Reproductive System: testes produce sperm and male sex hormones, ducts and glands aid in delivery of viable sperm to the female reproductive tract.
Anatomy language
- Superior (cranial or cephalad)- towards the head end or upper part of a structure or the body above
- Inferior (caudal): away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or thr body, body
- Anterior (ventral): toward or at the front of the body, in front of
- Posterior (dorsal): Towards or at the backside of the body, behind
- Medial:Towards or at the midline of the body, on the inner side of
- Lateral: Away from the midline of the body, on the outer side of
- Intermediate: Between a more medial and a more lateral structure
- Proximal: Close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.
- Distal:Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.
- Superficial: Toward or at the body surface
- Deep: Away from the body surface, more internal
- Inferior (caudal): away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or thr body, body
- Anterior (ventral): toward or at the front of the body, in front of
- Posterior (dorsal): Towards or at the backside of the body, behind
- Medial:Towards or at the midline of the body, on the inner side of
- Lateral: Away from the midline of the body, on the outer side of
- Intermediate: Between a more medial and a more lateral structure
- Proximal: Close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.
- Distal:Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.
- Superficial: Toward or at the body surface
- Deep: Away from the body surface, more internal
anterior body landmarks
- Abdominal: anterior body trunk inferior to ribs
- Acromial: point of shoulders
- Antecubital: anterior surface of elbow
- Axillary: armpit
- Brachial: arm
- Buccal: cheek area
- Carpal: wrist
- Cervical: neck region
- Coxal: hip
- Crural: leg
- Digital: fingers, toes
- femoral: thigh
- Fibular: lateral part of leg
- Inguinal: area where thigh meets body trunk, groin
- Nasal: nose area
- Oral: mouth
- Orbital: eye area
- Patellar: anterior knee
- Pelvic: area overlying the pelvis anteriorly
- Pubic: genital region
- Sternal: breastbone
- Tarsal: ankle region
- Thoracic: chest
- Umbilical: navel
- Acromial: point of shoulders
- Antecubital: anterior surface of elbow
- Axillary: armpit
- Brachial: arm
- Buccal: cheek area
- Carpal: wrist
- Cervical: neck region
- Coxal: hip
- Crural: leg
- Digital: fingers, toes
- femoral: thigh
- Fibular: lateral part of leg
- Inguinal: area where thigh meets body trunk, groin
- Nasal: nose area
- Oral: mouth
- Orbital: eye area
- Patellar: anterior knee
- Pelvic: area overlying the pelvis anteriorly
- Pubic: genital region
- Sternal: breastbone
- Tarsal: ankle region
- Thoracic: chest
- Umbilical: navel
posterior body landmarks
- Cephalaic: head
- Deltoid: curver of shoulder formed by large deltoid muscle
- Gluteal: buttock
- Lumbar: area of back between ribs and hips
- Occipital: posterior surface of head
- Popliteal: posterior knee area
- Sacral: area between hips
- Scapular: shoulder blade region
- Sural: the posterior surface or lower leg, the calf
- Vertebral: area of spine
- Deltoid: curver of shoulder formed by large deltoid muscle
- Gluteal: buttock
- Lumbar: area of back between ribs and hips
- Occipital: posterior surface of head
- Popliteal: posterior knee area
- Sacral: area between hips
- Scapular: shoulder blade region
- Sural: the posterior surface or lower leg, the calf
- Vertebral: area of spine
body planes & sections
When prepping to look at internal structures of the body, medical students find it easier to make sections or in other words cut. The sections are made through the body wall or through an organ, it is made along an imaginary line called plane. A sagittal section is a cut made along the lengthwise, or longitudinal, plane of the body dividing the body into right and left parts. If the cuts are made down the median plane of the body the left and right parts are equal in size which is called midsagittal or median section.
A frontal section is a cut made along a lengthwise plane plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts. This can also be called a coronal section.
A transverse section is a cut made along a horizontal plane, dividing the body or organ into superior and inferior parts. This is also called cross section.
functions to maintain homeostasis
Main Boundaries
Movement
Responsiveness
Digestion
Metabolism
Excretion
Reproduction
Growth
Movement
Responsiveness
Digestion
Metabolism
Excretion
Reproduction
Growth